{"id":341,"date":"2022-05-27T14:08:53","date_gmt":"2022-05-27T14:08:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/romanigodi.org\/?page_id=341"},"modified":"2022-05-27T14:08:53","modified_gmt":"2022-05-27T14:08:53","slug":"dom","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/romanigodi.org\/?page_id=341","title":{"rendered":"Dom"},"content":{"rendered":"

DOMLAR<\/strong><\/p>\n

Domlar, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde \u0130ran, Irak, Suriye, L\u00fcbnan, \u00dcrd\u00fcn, Filistin, M\u0131s\u0131r ve T\u00fcrkiye ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere Ortado\u011fu\u2019da bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkede ya\u015fayan topluluklard\u0131r. Genel g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flere g\u00f6re 6. ve 9. yy.\u2019larda Hindistan\u2019\u0131n kuzey kesimlerinden sava\u015f, k\u0131tl\u0131k, kast sistemi vb. \u00e7e\u015fitli nedenlerle Bat\u0131\u2019ya do\u011fru g\u00f6\u00e7 eden \u00c7ingene topluluklar\u0131ndan Ortado\u011fu\u2019da ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Do\u011fu ve G\u00fcneydo\u011fu b\u00f6lgelerinde kalan, burada g\u00f6\u00e7ebe, yar\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7ebe ve yerle\u015fik olarak ya\u015famlar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcren topluluklard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Dom ismi ise Ortado\u011fu\u2019daki \u00c7ingene gruplarca kendi dillerinde kendilerine verdikleri bir adland\u0131rmad\u0131r. Konu\u015ftuklar\u0131 dile ise Domari denilmektedir. Tarihsel olarak da bak\u0131lacak olunursa Hindistan\u2019da en yoksul ve en altta bir kast\u0131n ismi olan \u201cDom\u201d, \u00c7ingene toplumunun Hindistan\u2019dan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015fta Ortado\u011fu\u2019ya kadar kulland\u0131klar\u0131, Rom ve Lom isminin de atas\u0131 olan en eski adland\u0131rmad\u0131r (Kenrick, 2006:41).<\/p>\n

Domlar, Ortado\u011fu\u2019da ba\u015fta K\u00fcrt, T\u00fcrk, Arap, Fars ve di\u011fer Ortado\u011fu halk\u0131yla ve \u0130slamiyet\u2019le i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ya\u015fam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Her ne kadar g\u00f6\u00e7ebe olsalar da birlikte ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 ve ticaret yapt\u0131klar\u0131 bu halklarla da her zaman temas kurmu\u015f ve \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu hakim din olan \u0130slamiyeti benimsemi\u015flerdir. Belli b\u00f6lgelerde yine birlikte ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 halk\u0131n ina\u00e7lar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 farkl\u0131 dinsel inan\u00e7lar\u0131 benimseyen gruplar da vard\u0131r. Bu bir \u015fekilde \u201ckendini koruma stratejisi\u201ddir. Ve b\u00fct\u00fcn topluluklarda oldu\u011fu gibi birlikte ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 hakim \u00fcst kimlikli halk\u0131n inan\u00e7 ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u00f6zelliklerini alm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\"\"Ortado\u011fu\u2019da Domlara \u00f6zellikle; Nawar, Zott, Ghajar, Bareke, Beni Murra, Gaodari, Krismal, Qarabana, Kara\u00e7i, Abdal, A\u015firet, Qurbet, M\u0131tr\u0131b, Gewende, Po\u015fa, Tanjirliyah, Haddadin, Haciye, Hadjiye, Arnavut, Halebi, Haramshe ve Kaoli gibi jenerik adland\u0131rmalar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ise; M\u0131tr\u0131p, Gewende, A\u015f\u0131k, Qare\u00e7i-Kare\u00e7i, Tu\u0131rkman[1]<\/a>, T\u00fcrkmen, Abdal[2]<\/a>, A\u015firet, Qurbet- Gurbet vb. isimlerle ya da Tilkici, Davulcu, Kalayc\u0131, Kalburcu, Di\u015f\u00e7i gibi yapt\u0131klar\u0131 meslek adlar\u0131 ile an\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Her y\u00f6rede farkl\u0131 isimlerle an\u0131lmalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen, ayn\u0131 y\u00f6rede farkl\u0131 zanaat alanlar\u0131na g\u00f6re de isimler alm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Domlar g\u00f6\u00e7ebe ya\u015famlar\u0131nda genellikle di\u015f\u00e7ilik, demircilik, elek\u00e7ilik, sepet\u00e7ilik, kalayc\u0131l\u0131k, avc\u0131l\u0131k, \u015fifac\u0131l\u0131k, falc\u0131l\u0131k, m\u00fczisyenlik, t\u00fcfek yap\u0131m\u0131, marangozluk ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7apl\u0131 ticaretlerle u\u011fra\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Domlar g\u0131da \u00fcretmeyen, g\u0131da \u00fcreten \u00e7ift\u00e7i- \u00e7oban topluluklara g\u0131dalar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik hizmet g\u00f6t\u00fcren zanaatkar topluluklard\u0131r. M\u00fczisyenlik yapan gruplar ise genellikle e\u011flence m\u00fczi\u011fi yani d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn ve s\u00fcnnet m\u00fcziklerini icraa ederler, baz\u0131 \u00fclkelerde m\u00fczik e\u015fli\u011finde dans eden Dom kad\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 da bilinmektedir. Suriye\u2019de ve L\u00fcbnan\u2019da \u00f6zellikle Haramshe ya da Hadjiye olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan Dom topluluklar\u0131n\u0131n gece kul\u00fcplerinde m\u00fczisyen erkek ve dans\u00e7\u0131 kad\u0131nlar\u0131 hala \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r ve Irak\u2019ta \u2018Kawila dans\u0131\u2019 olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan dans t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc icra eden Dom kad\u0131nlar\u0131 mevcuttur.[3]<\/strong><\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

Baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde \u201ca\u011f\u0131t\u00e7\u0131lar\u201d da vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Zanaatlar\u0131n\u0131 icra edebilmek i\u00e7in g\u00f6\u00e7ebe ya\u015famak zorunda olan Domlar, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u00f6zellikle 1975-80\u2019lerde yerle\u015fik ya\u015fama ge\u00e7mek zorunda kalm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Konaklama mekanlar\u0131n\u0131n tar\u0131ma a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131, sulak alanlar\u0131n azalmas\u0131, fabrikasyon \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin k\u00f6ylere a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131yla pazar alanlar\u0131n\u0131n daralmas\u0131 ve yine bu d\u00f6nemdeki darbelerden kaynakl\u0131 soka\u011fa \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f yasaklar\u0131 mobilite seviyeleri y\u00fcksek olan Domlar\u0131n g\u00fcvenlikleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00e7e\u015fitli sorunlar ortaya \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015f ve bu d\u00f6nemde yar\u0131 yerle\u015fik bir ya\u015fama ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Genellikle kent \u00e7eperlerinde y\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131 evlerde, barakalarda, \u00e7ad\u0131rlarda k\u0131\u015f aylar\u0131nda kalm\u0131\u015f, bahar\u0131n ba\u015flamas\u0131yla zanaatlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcretebilmek i\u00e7in g\u00f6\u00e7ebeli\u011fe ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bu d\u00f6nemde zanaatlar\u0131n\u0131 icra etmeye devam eden Domlar olmakla birlikte bunun yan\u0131nda tar\u0131m i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011fi, mevsimlik di\u011fer i\u015fler, \u00e7obanl\u0131k, hamall\u0131k, at\u0131k- hurda toplama vb. kentin g\u00f6r\u00fcnmeyen emekleri kapsam\u0131nda \u00e7e\u015fitli i\u015fler yapm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Domlar g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde hala kent \u00e7eperlerinde ya\u015famaktad\u0131r. Bir\u00e7ok yerde bu kent \u00e7eperleri, in\u015faatlar\u0131n geni\u015flemesiyle \u015fehrin i\u00e7inde kalm\u0131\u015f, gettola\u015fma s\u00fcrecinde olan mahalleler haline gelmi\u015ftir. Bu mahalleler, genellikle belediye hizmetlerinin en az yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, temiz su eri\u015fiminin k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131 oldu\u011fu, g\u00fcvenli ve temiz bar\u0131nma hakk\u0131ndan yoksun olan yerlerdir. Yine bu mahalleler, yukar\u0131dan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya olan bu sistemde sistemin d\u0131\u015f\u0131na itilmi\u015f, g\u00fcvensiz alanlarda ya\u015fayan ve g\u00fcvensiz i\u015flerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bireyler, \u00e7ocuk evlilikler, e\u011fitim hakk\u0131na eri\u015femeyen \u00e7ocuk ve gen\u00e7lerle doludur.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Domlar, temel haklar\u0131na eri\u015fimden yoksun kalm\u0131\u015f madun, kesi\u015fimsel ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k ve \u00e7oklu dezavantajl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ya\u015fayan topluluklard\u0131r. Genellikle barakalarda, \u00e7ad\u0131rlarda, bak\u0131ms\u0131z evlerde kirac\u0131, bodrumlarda, in\u015faat alanlar\u0131nda veya senetli olan ve tapusu olmayan evlerde ya\u015fayarak \u2018Bar\u0131nma Hakk\u0131\u2019ndan yoksunluk; zanaatlar\u0131n\u0131n yok olmas\u0131yla kentlerde g\u00f6r\u00fcnmeyen emek kapsam\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak zorunda kalarak \u2018\u0130stihdam Hakk\u0131\u2019ndan; \u00f6zellikle mevsimlik i\u015flerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015farak belli d\u00f6nemlerde g\u00f6\u00e7ebe ya\u015fam s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fckleri i\u00e7in devams\u0131zl\u0131klar, okul terkleri ve okullarda ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k nedeniyle kapsay\u0131c\u0131 e\u011fitimden yoksun kalarak \u2018E\u011fitim Hakk\u0131\u2019ndan; e\u011fitimden yoksun kald\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in de \u00c7ocuk evliliklerle \u2018\u00c7ocuk Haklar\u0131ndan; temiz suya ve temiz g\u0131daya eri\u015fimde yoksunluklarla en \u00e7ok hak kayb\u0131na u\u011frayan topluluklard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

[1]<\/a> T\u00fcrkmen anlam\u0131nda T\u00fcrk\u00e7e konu\u015fan, kendilerine ayr\u0131ca Dom diyen ve Domari dilinin farkl\u0131 bir diyalekti\u011fini konu\u015fan gruplard\u0131r. Baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde de Abdal topluluklar\u0131 T\u00fcrkmen ismini kullanmaktad\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> Abdal topluluklar\u0131 ile ilgili tart\u0131\u015fmalar mevcuttur. Alt\u0131n\u00f6z (2013:87), Anadolu\u2019nun \u00e7e\u015fitli b\u00f6lgelerinde \u2018Abdal\u2019 ad\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan gruplar\u0131n oldu\u011funu, ya\u015fam \u015fekilleri ve meslekleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00c7ingene topluluklar\u0131na benzediklerini ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla halk taraf\u0131ndan kendilerine \u00c7ingene denildi\u011fini ama kendilerinin bu isnad\u0131 asla kabul etmediklerini belirtmektedir.<\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> Tarlan, K.V., ve Foggo, H. (2016). En Alttakiler: Suriyeli Dom G\u00f6\u00e7menler. Kalk\u0131nma At\u00f6lyesi Derne\u011fi. Ankara.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

KAYNAK\u00c7A<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kenrick, D. (2006). Ganj\u2019dan Thames\u2019e \u00c7ingeneler. T\u0131rnak\u00e7\u0131, B. (\u00c7ev.), Homer kitabevi yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k, \u0130stanbul.<\/p>\n

Marushiakova, E., ve Popov, V. (2016). Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’nda \u00c7ingeneler. Homerkitabevi. \u0130stanbul<\/p>\n

Tarlan, K.V., ve Foggo, H. (2016). En Alttakiler: Suriyeli Dom G\u00f6\u00e7menler. Kalk\u0131nma At\u00f6lyesi Derne\u011fi. Ankara.<\/p>\n

Tarlan, K.V. (2018). B\u00f6lgesel Bir Sosyal \u0130\u00e7erme Strateji \u00d6nerisi: T\u00fcrkiye, L\u00fcbnan, \u00dcrd\u00fcn. K\u0131rkayak K\u00fclt\u00fcr. Gaziantep<\/p>\n

Y\u0131lg\u00fcr, E. (2015). Tarihsel Perspektiften Peripatetik ve Avc\u0131 Toplay\u0131c\u0131 Stratejilerin Ge\u00e7i\u015fkenli\u011fi. \u00dcsk\u00fcdar \u00dcniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. \u0130stanbul<\/p>\n

Foto\u011fraflar: <\/strong>Kemal Vural Tarlan<\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.amerikaninsesi.com\/a\/domlar-turkiye-icin-davetsiz-misafir-mi\/2988470.html<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

DOMLAR Domlar, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde \u0130ran, Irak, Suriye, L\u00fcbnan, \u00dcrd\u00fcn, Filistin, M\u0131s\u0131r ve T\u00fcrkiye ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere Ortado\u011fu\u2019da bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkede ya\u015fayan topluluklard\u0131r. Genel g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flere g\u00f6re 6. ve 9. yy.\u2019larda Hindistan\u2019\u0131n kuzey kesimlerinden sava\u015f, k\u0131tl\u0131k, kast sistemi vb. \u00e7e\u015fitli nedenlerle Bat\u0131\u2019ya do\u011fru g\u00f6\u00e7 eden \u00c7ingene topluluklar\u0131ndan Ortado\u011fu\u2019da ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Do\u011fu ve G\u00fcneydo\u011fu b\u00f6lgelerinde kalan, burada g\u00f6\u00e7ebe, yar\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7ebe […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-341","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/romanigodi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/341","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/romanigodi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/romanigodi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/romanigodi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/romanigodi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=341"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/romanigodi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/341\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/romanigodi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=341"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}