{"id":1464,"date":"2022-10-11T20:53:44","date_gmt":"2022-10-11T20:53:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/romanigodi.org\/?p=1464"},"modified":"2025-11-25T11:07:51","modified_gmt":"2025-11-25T11:07:51","slug":"papusza-bronislawa-wajs","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/romanigodi.org\/?p=1464","title":{"rendered":"Yak\u0131n Tarihte Roman Liderler: Bronislawa Wajs\/Papusza"},"content":{"rendered":"<div>\n<div class=\"zf-story_item\">\n<div class=\"zf_description\">\n<div class=\"zf-story_item\">\n<div class=\"zf_description\">\n<p><strong>Yak\u0131n Tarihte Roman Liderler: Bronislawa Wajs\/Papusza<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Gelin d\u00fcnyan\u0131n d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131ndaki \u00c7ingeneler, gelin yan\u0131ma. Gelin ormana, b\u00fcy\u00fck ate\u015fin ba\u015f\u0131na.&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Nazi ac\u0131mas\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n, okuma yazma \u00f6\u011frenme m\u00fccadelesi ve bunun i\u00e7in u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fiddetin, s\u0131rf \u015fiir yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in bir \u015fairin kendi toplumundan reddedilmenin hik\u00e2yesi:\u00a0&#8220;<strong>Papusza \/ Ta\u015f Bebek&#8221;<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"zf-story_item\">\n<div class=\"zf-story_item\">\n<div class=\"zf_description\">\n<p><strong>Papusza<\/strong> olarak bilinen <strong>Bronislawa Wajs<\/strong>, \u015fiirleri resmi olarak yay\u0131mlanan ve Leh\u00e7e\u2019ye \u00e7evrilen ilk Roman \u015fairdir. Romanlar\u0131n ve Yahudilerin birlikte soyk\u0131r\u0131ma u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ikinci d\u00fcnya\u00a0 sava\u015f\u0131nda\u00a0 ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 &#8220;Kanl\u0131 G\u00f6zya\u015flar\u0131&#8221; ve &#8220;Alman Zulm\u00fc Alt\u0131nda Ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131m\u0131z&#8221;\u015fiirlerinden en bilinenleridir. \u00a0\u015eiirlerinde Roman Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n ya\u015fam\u0131nda zorluklar ve Roman kad\u0131nlar\u0131n m\u00fccadeleci ruhundan esintiler yer almaktad\u0131r<\/p>\n<p>\u015eiiri yazmak yerine \u015fiiri ya\u015famay\u0131 se\u00e7en bu Papusza&#8217;n\u0131n ya\u015fam\u0131ndaki bir\u00e7ok d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131 bulunuyor. Binbir engelle m\u00fccadele ederek okuma yazma \u00f6\u011frenmesi, zorla evlendirili\u015fi, sava\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131nda tan\u0131k olduklar\u0131 ve Jerzy Ficowski ile tan\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 bu d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktalar\u0131ndan en \u00f6nemlileridir.<\/p>\n<p>Papusza i\u00e7in okuma yazmay\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenme s\u00fcreci hi\u00e7 kolay olmaz. Ancak O, u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 t\u00fcm bask\u0131 ve \u015fiddete ra\u011fmen okuma yazma \u00f6\u011frenmeyi ba\u015far\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"zf-story_item\">\n<figure class=\"zf-story_media zf-media-wrapper zf-image zf-type-image\">\n<div class=\"bb-media-placeholder\">\n<p><iframe title=\"10. El\u017cbieta Towarnicka, Andrzej Biegun, Orkiestra i Ch\u00f3r Polskiego Radia w Krakowie - Trad\u00e9n rom\u00e1\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/aBOwStT3w7s?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div class=\"zf-media\">\n<div>\n<div class=\"zf_description\">\n<p>\u00a0Takvimler 1910\u2019u g\u00f6steriyor. \u00c7ocuk ya\u015fta bir kad\u0131n bir ba\u015f\u0131na y\u00fckselen otlar\u0131n aras\u0131nda bir bebek d\u00fcnyaya getiriyor. Gece d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde ise ay ve yak\u0131lan ate\u015fin \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda bir \u00e7ar\u015faf i\u00e7inde sallanan bebe\u011fe dualar okunuyor.<\/p>\n<p><em>\u201cT\u00fcy gibi hafif y\u00fcr\u00fcyesin bu d\u00fcnyada.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Bu do\u011fum seremonisinin hemen ard\u0131ndan bebe\u011fin ad\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor annesi: <strong>\u201cPapusza\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"zf-story_item\">\n<div class=\"zf_description\">\n<p>1935&#8217;te \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan <strong>Nuremberg \u0131rksal kanunlar\u0131<\/strong> (Alman Kan\u0131 ve Onurunun Korunmas\u0131 Kanunu, Nazi Almanyas\u0131 Yurtta\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kanunu) ile beraber 1936&#8217;da ise <strong>&#8220;\u00c7ingene Belas\u0131yla M\u00fccadele Merkez Ofisi&#8221;<\/strong> a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Romanlar i\u00e7in imha s\u00fcreci, 1941 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Sonbahar\u0131&#8217;nda ba\u015flad\u0131. Romanlar\u0131 ve Sinti bulmak, \u00f6ld\u00fcrmek, toplama kamplar\u0131na g\u00f6ndermek i\u00e7in <strong>Einsatzgruppe<\/strong> denen \u00f6zel timler olu\u015fturuldu.<\/p>\n<p>SS ve polis yetkilileri taraf\u0131ndan Bergen-Belsen, Sachsenhausen, Buchenwald, Dachau, Mauthausen ve Ravensbr\u00fcck toplama kamplar\u0131nda\u00a0 bir \u00e7ok Roman ve Sinti hapsedildiler. Bir\u00e7ok \u00e7ocuk Nazi doktorlar\u0131n\u0131n korkun\u00e7 deneyleri sonucu hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti.<\/p>\n<p>Auschwitz-Birkenau, Chelmno, Belzec, Sobibor ve Treblinka \u00d6l\u00fcm merkezlerinde binlerce Roman ve Sinti \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/p>\n<p>Auschwitz toplama kamp\u0131n\u0131n ilk komutan\u0131 Rudolf H\u00f6ss an\u0131lar\u0131nda, \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclen Romanlar\u0131n ve Sintilerin aras\u0131nda \u00e7ok say\u0131da \u00e7ocuk, ya\u015f\u0131 neredeyse y\u00fcze varan ihtiyarlar ve hamile kad\u0131nlar\u0131n oldu\u011funu yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131&#8217;nda Nazi y\u00f6netimince Romanlara y\u00f6nelik ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen soyk\u0131r\u0131m \u00e7ok ge\u00e7 bir zaman diliminde sonra kabul edilmeye ve <strong>Porajmos<\/strong> olarak adland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Porajmos&#8217;tan sa\u011f kalanlarda olan Bronislawa Wajs&#8217;\u0131n hayat\u0131 ve ya\u015fama boyu s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc m\u00fccadele bu g\u00fcn bile onlarca Roman ve Roman olmayan i\u00e7in ayd\u0131nlat\u0131c\u0131 bir \u00f6neme sahiptir.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130lk Roman kad\u0131n \u015fair\u00a0 olan <strong>Bronislawa Wajs<\/strong>\u2019\u0131n ger\u00e7ek hayat hik\u00e2yesini temel alan 2013 yap\u0131m\u0131 biyografik dram filmi ise \u00c7a\u011fda\u015f Polonya Sinemas\u0131&#8217;nda iyi bilinen <strong>Krzysztof Krauze<\/strong> ve <strong>Joanna Kos-Krauze<\/strong> \u00e7iftinin taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rland\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Film Roman toplumunun tarihi travmalar\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir yer edinmi\u015f olan nazi vah\u015feti, soyk\u0131r\u0131m ve yasalarla yerle\u015fik d\u00fczene ge\u00e7meye zorlanmalar\u0131 gibi\u00a0 konular\u0131 anlamak i\u00e7in yararl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"zf-story_item\">\n<h2 class=\"zf_title\">Kanl\u0131 G\u00f6zya\u015flar\u0131<\/h2>\n<div class=\"zf_description\">\n<p>Ormanday\u0131z. Su yok, ate\u015f yok \u2013 a\u00e7l\u0131k b\u00fcy\u00fck.<br \/>\n\u00c7ocuklar nerede uyuyacak? \u00c7ad\u0131r yok.<br \/>\nGeceleri ate\u015f yakam\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n<p>G\u00fcnd\u00fcz, duman\u0131 Almanlar g\u00f6r\u00fcr.<br \/>\nK\u0131\u015f\u0131n so\u011fu\u011funda \u00e7ocuklar nas\u0131l ya\u015fayacak?<br \/>\nHepsi yal\u0131nayak\u2026<br \/>\nBizi \u00f6ld\u00fcrmek istediklerinde,<br \/>\n\u00f6nce bizi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya zorlad\u0131lar.<br \/>\nBir Alman geldi bizi g\u00f6rmeye.<br \/>\n\u2013 Sizin i\u00e7in k\u00f6t\u00fc haberlerim var.<br \/>\nSizi \u00f6ld\u00fcrecekler bu gece.<br \/>\nS\u00f6ylemeyin kimseye.<br \/>\nBen de bir garip \u00c7ingeneyim,<br \/>\nsizin kan\u0131n\u0131zdan \u2013 hakiki bir \u00c7ingene.<br \/>\nTanr\u0131 yard\u0131mc\u0131n\u0131z olsun<br \/>\nbu kara ormanda\u2026<br \/>\nBunlar\u0131 s\u00f6yledikten sonra,<br \/>\nsar\u0131ld\u0131 hepimize\u2026<\/p>\n<p>\u0130ki \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcn hi\u00e7 yemek yok.<br \/>\nHerkes a\u00e7 gitti uykuya.<br \/>\nUyuyamad\u0131lar,<br \/>\ndiktiler g\u00f6zlerini y\u0131ld\u0131zlara\u2026<br \/>\nTanr\u0131m, ne de g\u00fczel ya\u015famak!<br \/>\nAlmanlar izin vermeyecek\u2026<\/p>\n<p>Ve sen, benim k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131m!<br \/>\n\u015eafakta nas\u0131l da b\u00fcy\u00fcks\u00fcn!<br \/>\nK\u00f6r et \u015fu Almanlar\u0131!<br \/>\nAkl\u0131n\u0131 al \u015funlar\u0131n ki ya\u015fas\u0131n<br \/>\nYahudi ve \u00c7ingene \u00e7ocuklar\u0131!<\/p>\n<p>Karak\u0131\u015f gelip \u00e7att\u0131\u011f\u0131nda,<br \/>\nne yapar bir \u00c7ingene kad\u0131n k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir \u00e7ocukla?<br \/>\nNereden bulsun giysiyi?<br \/>\nHer \u015fey pa\u00e7avraya d\u00f6nd\u00fc gitti.<br \/>\n\u00d6lesi gelir insan\u0131n.<br \/>\nKimse bilmez, yaln\u0131z g\u00f6k bilir,<br \/>\na\u011f\u0131tlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 yaln\u0131z nehir duyar.<br \/>\nKimin g\u00f6zleri g\u00f6r\u00fcr bizi d\u00fc\u015fman gibi?<\/p>\n<p>Kimlerin a\u011fz\u0131 lanetler bizi?<br \/>\nTanr\u0131m, dinleme onlar\u0131,<br \/>\nduy bizi!<\/p>\n<p>So\u011fuk bir k\u0131\u015f gecesi,<br \/>\nYa\u015fl\u0131 \u00c7ingene kad\u0131n anlat\u0131r<br \/>\nbir \u00c7ingene masal\u0131n\u0131:<br \/>\nSar\u0131 s\u0131cak bir k\u0131\u015f,<br \/>\nkar gelecek k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck y\u0131ld\u0131zlar gibi,<br \/>\n\u00f6rtecek d\u00fcnyay\u0131, ellerimizi.<br \/>\nKara g\u00f6zler donacak,<br \/>\n\u00f6lecek y\u00fcreklerimiz.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c7ok kar d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc,<br \/>\nkapatt\u0131 yollar\u0131.<br \/>\nG\u00f6kte yaln\u0131z Kehke\u015fan kald\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>B\u00f6yle buz gibi gecede,<br \/>\nk\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir k\u0131z \u00f6ld\u00fc<br \/>\nve d\u00f6rt g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde<br \/>\nd\u00f6rt o\u011flan\u0131 g\u00f6md\u00fc anneler<br \/>\nkar\u0131n i\u00e7ine.<br \/>\nG\u00fcne\u015f, sen olmay\u0131nca i\u015fte b\u00f6yle,<br \/>\ng\u00f6r bak, bir k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00c7ingene,<br \/>\nnas\u0131l \u00f6ld\u00fc bu koca orman i\u00e7inde.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00fcmle ku\u015flar yakar\u0131yor,<br \/>\n\u00e7ocuklar\u0131m\u0131z i\u00e7in,<br \/>\nhainler, engerekler \u00f6ld\u00fcrmesin diye.<br \/>\nAh, talihim!<br \/>\nBenim talihsiz talihim!<\/p>\n<p>Kar yapraklarca kal\u0131n,<br \/>\nkapat\u0131yor yolumuzu,<br \/>\n\u00f6yle bir kar ki \u00f6rt\u00fcyor tekerleri.<br \/>\n\u00d6nden gidip yolu a\u00e7mal\u0131 birisi<br \/>\narabalar\u0131 arkadan itmeli.<\/p>\n<p>Ne kadar \u00e7ok umutsuzluk ve a\u00e7l\u0131k!<br \/>\nNe kadar \u00e7ok keder ve yol ne uzun!<br \/>\nNe kadar \u00e7ok ta\u015f var aya\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 kesen!<br \/>\nNe kadar \u00e7ok kur\u015fun var kula\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n dibinden ge\u00e7en!<\/p>\n<p><strong>Bronislawa Wajs (Papusza)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>*\u00c7eviren: Ozan \u00c7ororo<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<div style=\"position: static !important;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"position: static !important;\"><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Yak\u0131n Tarihte Roman Liderler: Bronislawa Wajs\/Papusza &#8220;Gelin d\u00fcnyan\u0131n d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131ndaki \u00c7ingeneler, gelin yan\u0131ma. Gelin ormana, b\u00fcy\u00fck ate\u015fin ba\u015f\u0131na.&#8221; Nazi ac\u0131mas\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n, okuma yazma \u00f6\u011frenme m\u00fccadelesi ve bunun i\u00e7in u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fiddetin, s\u0131rf \u015fiir yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in bir \u015fairin kendi toplumundan reddedilmenin hik\u00e2yesi:\u00a0&#8220;Papusza \/ Ta\u015f Bebek&#8221;. Papusza olarak bilinen Bronislawa Wajs, \u015fiirleri resmi olarak yay\u0131mlanan ve Leh\u00e7e\u2019ye \u00e7evrilen [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1682,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[34],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1464","post","type-post","status-publish","format-gallery","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tarih","post_format-post-format-gallery"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/romanigodi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1464","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/romanigodi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/romanigodi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/romanigodi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/romanigodi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1464"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/romanigodi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1464\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3531,"href":"https:\/\/romanigodi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1464\/revisions\/3531"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/romanigodi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/romanigodi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1464"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/romanigodi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1464"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/romanigodi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1464"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}