{"id":2865,"date":"2025-03-18T08:34:39","date_gmt":"2025-03-18T08:34:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/romanigodi.org\/?p=2865"},"modified":"2025-03-18T08:34:39","modified_gmt":"2025-03-18T08:34:39","slug":"ulusal-literatur-taramalari-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/romanigodi.org\/?p=2865","title":{"rendered":"Ulusal Literat\u00fcr Taramalar\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>De\u011fi\u015fen Zaman ve De\u011fi\u015fmeyen \u00c7ingene Alg\u0131s\u0131: Drina K\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc<\/strong><\/h3>\n<hr class=\"bs-divider full large\" \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Romanlarla ilgili kitap ve yaz\u0131larda nefret s\u00f6ylemlerini tespit etmek ve ele\u015ftirmek genellikle kolayd\u0131r. Ancak kimilerinde fark\u0131na bile var\u0131lamayan, daha ince bir nefret dili de bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu durum, en ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131, \u00e7ok okunan ve hatta \u00f6d\u00fcll\u00fc eserlerde bile kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kabilir. Bu eserlerden biri de, Nobel \u00f6d\u00fcll\u00fc Ivo Andri\u0107\u2019in \u00e7ok sevilen \u201cDrina K\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc\u201d kitab\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Andri\u0107, kitab\u0131nda, Drina K\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn ve b\u00f6lge insan\u0131n\u0131n 350 y\u0131ll\u0131k ser\u00fcvenini anlat\u0131r. Ancak zamanla de\u011fi\u015fmeyen tek unsur \u00c7ingenelerdir. Kitap boyunca \u00c7ingeneler, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc pis i\u015fi yapan, g\u00fcvenilmez ve sevimsiz bir imajla tasvir edilir. Bu \u00f6nyarg\u0131, anlat\u0131lan \u00e7a\u011flar boyu s\u00fcrekli olarak korunur. Dahas\u0131, \u00c7ingenelere dair olumsuzluklar, davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131ndan ziyade fiziksel \u00f6zelliklerine dayand\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. \u201cNe sen ne de o ke\u00e7i boklu suratl\u0131 \u00e7ingene kar\u015f\u0131ma \u00e7\u0131kmay\u0131n.\u201d (s.51) gibi ifadelerle ten renklerine kadar hakaret edilir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Romanlar\u0131n tarih boyunca pek \u00e7ok devlette, ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n yapmak istemedi\u011fi ya da \u00e7ekindi\u011fi i\u015fleri yapmak zorunda b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinir. Romanda da bu tarihsel ger\u00e7eklik yans\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, ancak bir nefret diliyle s\u00fcslenmi\u015ftir. Drina K\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019ne zarar veren bir gayrim\u00fcslimin kaz\u0131\u011fa oturtulmas\u0131 g\u00f6revini \u00fcstlenen ki\u015filerden birinin Roman olmas\u0131 ve etnik kimli\u011finin \u00f6zellikle vurgulanmas\u0131 dikkat \u00e7ekicidir. Su\u00e7lulara i\u015fkence etmek \u00fczere arac\u0131 olarak \u00c7ingenelerin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131, \u00e7ok yayg\u0131n bir \u00f6nyarg\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Kitapta dikkati \u00e7eken bir di\u011fer ayr\u0131nt\u0131, \u201c\u00c7ingene\u201d kelimesinin her zaman k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck harfle yaz\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. Oysa di\u011fer etnik gruplar ve milletler yaz\u0131m kurallar\u0131na uygun bir bi\u00e7imde b\u00fcy\u00fck harfle yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7ingene kelimesinin \u0131srarla k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck harfle yaz\u0131lmas\u0131, bunun bir yaz\u0131m hatas\u0131 de\u011fil, bilin\u00e7li bir tercih oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcrmektedir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Romanda, Hristiyan bir karakterin kaz\u0131\u011fa oturtulmas\u0131ndan sonra cenazesinin uygun bir \u015fekilde defnedilebilmesi i\u00e7in \u00c7ingene ile anla\u015fan bir k\u00f6yl\u00fc, \u015fu ifadeleri kullan\u0131r: \u201cKar\u015f\u0131mdaki \u00e7ingenenin ne dini var, ne iman\u0131. \u0130nsan onunla ne arkada\u015f, ne dost olabilir. Ne yerde, ne g\u00f6kte hi\u00e7bir kutsal \u015fey \u00fczerine yemin edemez.\u201d Bu c\u00fcmleler, romandaki \u00c7ingene tasvirlerinin adeta bir \u00f6zetidir. K\u00f6yl\u00fc, cenaze i\u00e7in anla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 yedi<br \/>kuru\u015fu verdikten sonra bile \u015f\u00fcphelerini s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcr: \u201c\u00c7ingene elinde ka\u00e7 kuru\u015f oldu\u011funu nereden bilecekti?\u201d (s.61).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Yazar, \u00c7ingeneyi kaz\u0131klayan k\u00f6yl\u00fcn\u00fcn etnik kimli\u011fini belirtme gere\u011fi duymaz. Ancak \u00c7ingene karakterlerinin k\u00f6t\u00fc hasletleri hep etnik kimlikleriyle birlikte ele al\u0131n\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Romanda S\u0131rbistan\u2019a sava\u015f a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ertesi g\u00fcn\u00fc h\u00fck\u00fcmete yard\u0131m etmek ve isyankar S\u0131rplar\u0131 yakalamak i\u00e7in kurulan Schutz Korps \u00e7etelerinden bahsedilirken \u015fu ifadeler kullan\u0131l\u0131r: \u201c\u0130\u00e7lerinde \u00e7ingeneler, sarho\u015flar ve her \u00e7e\u015fit serseri vard\u0131. Gen\u00e7li\u011finde i\u011fren\u00e7 bir hastal\u0131ktan burnu d\u00f6k\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f, i\u015fsiz g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fcz, namussuz bir \u00e7ingene olan Huso Koko\u015far, on kadar bald\u0131r\u0131 \u00e7\u0131pla\u011f\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na ge\u00e7mi\u015f, uzun s\u00fcng\u00fcl\u00fc, eski sistem Werndl t\u00fcfeklerle \u00e7ar\u015f\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131nda s\u00f6z sahibi olmu\u015ftu\u201d (s.312). Burada da, ba\u015f\u0131bozuk ve i\u015fe yaramaz ki\u015filerin lideri olarak bir \u00c7ingene tasvir edilmi\u015ftir. Huso Koko\u015far\u2019\u0131n betimlenmesinde, hastal\u0131klar\u0131, yoksullu\u011fu ve h\u0131rpani fiziksel g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fc \u00f6n planda tutulur.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ayr\u0131ca, romanda \u00c7ingeneler daima bir alt s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 temsil eder. Cesaret bile \u00c7ingenelerle k\u0131yaslan\u0131r: \u201c\u00c7ingenelerden daha az cesur g\u00f6r\u00fcnmekten korkuyorsun\u201d (s.315) ifadesinde oldu\u011fu gibi, \u00c7ingeneler \u201cbile\u201d vurgusuyla \u00f6nemsizle\u015ftirilir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Sonu\u00e7 olarak, d\u00fcnyaca \u00fcnl\u00fc ve \u00e7ok sevilen bir eser olan \u201cDrina K\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc\u201d, Romanlar\u0131n haks\u0131zca damgalanmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 bir \u00f6rne\u011fidir. Romanlar, bu eserde de her k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn sebebi ya da arac\u0131 olarak tasvir edilmekten kurtulamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Yazan: Sevde Uzunca<\/strong><br \/>\u0421\u0435\u0432\u0434\u0435<\/p>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>De\u011fi\u015fen Zaman ve De\u011fi\u015fmeyen \u00c7ingene Alg\u0131s\u0131: Drina K\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc Romanlarla ilgili kitap ve yaz\u0131larda nefret s\u00f6ylemlerini tespit etmek ve ele\u015ftirmek genellikle kolayd\u0131r. Ancak kimilerinde fark\u0131na bile var\u0131lamayan, daha ince bir nefret dili de bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu durum, en ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131, \u00e7ok okunan ve hatta \u00f6d\u00fcll\u00fc eserlerde bile kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kabilir. Bu eserlerden biri de, Nobel \u00f6d\u00fcll\u00fc Ivo Andri\u0107\u2019in \u00e7ok [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2800,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15,38],"tags":[54,66],"class_list":["post-2865","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-genel","category-ulusal-literatur-taramalari","tag-ayrimcilik","tag-discrimination"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/romanigodi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2865","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/romanigodi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/romanigodi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/romanigodi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/romanigodi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2865"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/romanigodi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2865\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/romanigodi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/romanigodi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2865"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/romanigodi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2865"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/romanigodi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2865"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}